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Removing Residual Matter by Powder Engineering Boosts Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency


In a new study, researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) have demonstrated that creating one of the raw materials necessary for perovskites – a relatively new-to-science material – in a different way could be key to the success of these cells.



The findings have been published in the journal Nano Energy under the paper titled ‘Removal of residual compositions by powder engineering for high-efficiency formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells with operation lifetime over 2000 hours.’ The work was supported by the OIST Technology Development and Innovation Center’s Proof-of-Concept Program.



Led by Professor Yabing Qi, researchers attached to OIST’s Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit synthesized the crystalline powder in perovskites called FAPbI3 using a more precise powder engineering method.



“The crystalline powder in perovskites – FAPbI3 – forms the perovskite’s absorber layer,” explained one of the lead authors, Dr. Guoqing Tong, a postdoctoral scholar in the Unit. “Previously, this layer was fabricated by combining two materials – PbI2 and FAI. The reaction that takes place produces FAPbI3. But this method is far from perfect. There are often leftovers of one or both of the original materials, which can impede the efficiency of the solar cell,” Tong explained.


https://mercomindia.com/removing-residual-matter-powder-engineering/


Solar Panels

Read This Article To Learn All About Roofing




The topic of roofing is a foreign concept for many people. After all, not many people enjoy climbing up on a high, unstable surface in order to find a needle in a haystack. However, by learning a little more about roofing, you can have better success in your roofing endeavors. Continue reading this article to learn some excellent advice.

Make sure to inspect your roof at least once a year. You want to be sure that your roof is in general good condition and free of any potential leakage problems. Try to make your inspections during the springtime when the weather is good so as to reduce the risk of injury to yourself.

Leaks are often caused by weak shingles, but you should also inspect the foundations of your roof. Dry rot in siding can lead to leaks. Look for ever potential entry area, rotten wood included, to be sure you get the problem permanently fixed.

It is not easy to find a good roofer. If you think you have a possibility, ask that person to give you at least three references that you can contact. Speaking with former customers will give you an idea of what type of professionalism and work you can expect from your roofer.

When signing a contract with a roofer, check for the small print about material costs and labor. Do sign with a company which lists the costs and what will happen if their costs increase during the job. Also go with a company which charges around $1.50 a square foot for decking replacement.

Avoid paying a roofer in full before they do their job. You want to make sure the roofer does good work on your roof before you pay them everything they are owed. Some roofers may require a down payment to begin the work, though, which is usually about 25% of the final cost.

Never work on your roof by yourself. You should always have someone else present, even if it is solely for the purpose of having someone that can call emergency services if you fall. Falling from the roof can be a disaster, but not having someone to help you is even worse.

Conduct a thorough roof inspection over the entire surface, so you do not miss any problem areas. The material should be bonded well, and fasteners are secured. If you want to work on a certain area, the material must be clean and dry. Be safe when working on the roof to avoid injury.

Check your rubber boots on your roof for cracking or dryness. This is a very common problem that quickly leads to leaks around the roof. Fortunately, they are easy to fix and can be found at most local hardware stores. However, if you do not feel comfortable doing it yourself you should certainly call a contractor.

If you're attempting to handle roof repairs on your own, proceed with caution. A roof is a dangerous place to be, and you want to be properly equipped for it. Wear shoes with rubber soles, and use a well braced ladder that has rubber safety feet. Your roof isn't worth risking your life over.

Always inspect your roof boots when you happen to be up on your roof, for whatever reason. They have a tendency to dry-up and crack, leaving damaged areas where the rain and snow can come in. Be prepared to remove and replace the surrounding shingles, too. Roof boots can be found at most major hardware stores.

With any luck, you now have a much better understanding as to what you need to do in order to make sure that your roof is in good shape. get more info Refer back to this article should any roofing issues arise. Remember that a roof in good shape will ensure that protection and safety of your family and your home.
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